General Roberto Bermúdez.
Roberto Bermúdez was the commander of the army of New Granada in the late nineteenth century. Acting under orders from Premier Adolfo Camacho, on 1 March 1890 Bermúdez struck the first blow in the War for Salvation when he led the New Granadan army in a preemptive attack on Guatemala, which was then being occupied by the Mexican Fourth Army. Bermúdez was able to advance to the Kinkaid Canal, thus preventing Mexican warships from using the canal to transit from the Pacific to the Caribbean. However, he was unable to advance beyond the canal, and while he was occupied in Guatemala, Mexican forces made amphibious landings at the New Granadan cities of La Guaira and Caracas and advanced on the New Granadan capital of Bogotá.
Camacho's government fled Bogotá before the city fell to Colonel David Brewster's 34th Marine Brigade on 8 June and continued to govern the country from the Cordillera Oriental until they were captured by Mexican troops on 18 September. Three days later, on 21 September, Bermúdez surrendered his army to General Miguel Aguilar, the commander of the Mexican Fourth Army, at Puebla, Chiapas.
Sobel makes no further mention of Bermúdez.
Sobel's sources for Bermúdez's role in the War for Salvation are John Earley's A History of the New Granada Expedition (New York, 1914); and Miguel Olin's El Jefe's War for Salvation (New York, 1956).